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ENG 101






Wayne Rooney became the world's most expensive teenager when he signed for United in a deal which could eventually be worth £30million.
The former Evertonian striker completed his dream move to Old Trafford just hours before the close of the transfer window on Tuesday 31 August 2004.

Wayne first burst onto the scene back on the opening day of the 2002/2003 season against Tottenham at Goodison Park. Nine games later he scored his first Premiership goal at the age of 16 - a last minute wonder strike which earned Everton a dramatic 2-1 victory over Arsenal.

Wayne's talents were soon recognised at international level and he became England's youngest ever player in February 2003 when he came on as a substitute against Australia at Upton Park. He is also the youngest player to have scored for his country at the age of 17 in September 2003 against Macedonia.

His reputation as one of the world's most exciting young players was further enhanced by his hugely impressive performances for England at Euro 2004 in Portugal.

Wayne's four goals in four games against Switzerland and Croatia, which included a stunning 25-yard strike against the Croats, were enough to convince Sir Alex Ferguson that he had to sign up the striker he had been tracking since he was a 14-year-old.

Following intense transfer negotiations with Everton, United finally got their man to the obvious delight of the Reds boss.

"I am very excited," beamed Fergie. "I think we have got the best young player this country has seen in the past 30 years. Everyone is delighted by this signing”.

Wayne himself can't wait to begin a new chapter in an already impressive career.

”I’m very excited to be here," he exclusively told ManUtd.com. "As soon as I knew United were interested, there was only one place I was going.

"There’s a really good squad of players here who are all top players. I hope I can gel in as quickly as possible and become one of those players as well.”


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**Dolphin**

Dolphin, aquatic mammal closely related to whales and porpoises. These sleek and powerful swimmers are found in all seas; dolphins are distinguished from porpoises by well-defined, beak-like snouts and conical teeth. The porpoise has a blunt snout, chisel-shaped teeth, and a stouter body.
There are about 32 species of dolphins. Typical examples are the bottle-nosed dolphin, a popular performer in sea aquariums, and the common dolphin, which inspired many Mediterranean folk legends. Both often appear in open waters, making their characteristic arched bounds, frequently before the bow waves of ships. Several freshwater species, river dolphins, inhabit river estuaries in Asia and South America. The small, graceful bufeo dolphin has been sighted more than 2,000 km (1,250 mi) up the River Amazon. The river dolphins have very long, slender beaks and whiskers, and limited eyesight. The bufeo, the smallest dolphin, grows to be 1.5 to 2.7 m (5 to 9 ft) long; the largest, the bottle-nosed dolphin, reaches a length of 4 m (13 ft). The killer whale is considered to be a dolphin despite its much greater length of 9 m (30 ft). The pilot whale is also regarded as a type of dolphin.
Once, dolphins were hunted commercially, especially for the small quantity of valuable oil extracted from parts of the head and used to lubricate delicate watch mechanisms. Cheaper oils have now been found from other sources, and dolphins are no longer hunted for this reason. Many dolphins, however, become trapped accidentally and drowned in tuna nets; between 1959 and 1972 an estimated 4.8 million dolphins died in this way. Under pressure from animal rights activists and consumers, both domestic and international tuna canners have refused to accept shipments from fishing fleets that do áíÓ protect dolphins. Concern has also been expressed about the treatment of dolphins on display in public aquariums.
Behaviour


In one day dolphins eat an amount of food, mostly fish and squid, equal to nearly one third of their weight. Dolphins are swift enough to outdistance their prey easily. They seize their catches with jaws that have from about 100 to 260 sharp teeth. Dolphins follow schools of fish in groups of varying size. Some species, such as the Pacific white-sided dolphin, make up groups estimated at over a thousand members. Less gregarious species, such as the bottle-nosed dolphin, join in groups that often contain only a few members.
Dolphins, like whales, breathe through a blowhole at the top of the head. As they travel they break the surface about every two minutes to make a short, explosive exhalation, followed by a longer inhalation before submerging again. The tail, like that of other aquatic mammals, moves in an up-and-down motion, with the double flukes of the tail driving the animal forward; the flippers are used as stabilizers. Dolphins are superbly streamlined and can sustain speeds of up to 30 km/h (19 mph), with bursts of more than 40 km/h (25 mph). Their lungs, which are adapted to resist the physical problems created for many animals by rapid changes in pressure, enable them to dive to depths of more than 300 m (1,000 ft).
Adults of the bottle-nosed dolphin—the best-studied species—come to sexual maturity after 5 to 12 years in females and 9 to 13 years in males. They mate in the spring; after a gestation period of 11 or 12 months, a single calf is born, tail first. Calves swim and breathe minutes after birth; they suckle for up to 18 months. They are able to keep up with the mother by remaining close and taking advantage of the hydrodynamic effects of the mother's streamlining.
Vocalizations and Intelligence

Dolphins emit clicking sounds or whistles almost constantly. The clicks are short pulses of about 300 sounds per second, emitted from a mechanism located just below the blowhole. These clicks are used for the echolocation of objects and are resonated forward by the so-called “oily melon”, which is located above the forehead and acts as an acoustic lens. Echoes received at the area of the rear of the lower jaw are transmitted by a fat organ in the lower jaw to the middle ear. This echolocation system, similar to that of a bat, enables the dolphin to navigate among its companions and larger objects and to detect fish, squid, and even small shrimp. The whistles are single-toned squeals that come from deeper in the larynx. They are used to communicate alarm, sexual excitement, and perhaps other emotional states.
Because of the ability of dolphins to learn and perform complex tasks in captivity, their continuous communications with one another, and their ability, through training, to approximate the sounds of a few human words, some investigators have suggested that the animals might be capable of learning a true language and communicating with humans. Most authorities, however, agree that although the dolphin's problem-solving abilities put the animal on an intelligence level close to that of primates, no evidence exists that dolphin communications approach the complexity of a true language.
The name “dolphin” is also applied to food fish of a different genus Coryphaena, also called dorado, that have long, continuous dorsal fins. The fish, found worldwide in tropical marine waters, can reach a length of 1.5 m (5 ft).
Scientific classification: Dolphins belong to the suborder Odontoceti of the order Cetacea. The bottle-nosed dolphin is classified as Tursiops truncatus, the common dolphin as Delphinus delphis, and the bufeo dolphin as Inia geoffrensis. The killer whale is classified as Orcinus orca. Pilot whales make up the genus Globicephala. The white-sided dolphin is classified as Lagenorhynchus obliquidens
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First Steps

Ronaldo was born on the 22nd of September 1976 in Bento Ribeiro, a suburb of Rio de Janeiro. He is named after Doctor Ronaldo Valente, who assisted his mother, Sonia dos Santos Barata, during her third delivery. His father, Nelio Nazario de Lima, worked for the telephone company “Telerj”. Ronaldo’s full name was Ronaldo Luiz, but his brother Nelinho and his sister Ione prefer to call him “Dadado”. Curly haired and always smiling, the cute boy “Dadado” becomes the liveliest kid in Rua General Cesar Obino, the street where his family lives.

Evidence of the physical coordination is clear from the start as he soon learns how to walk, play and even dance. He didn’t start speaking until he is almost three years old, by which time he’s become fascinated with watching his father playing soccer with friends. From the very beginning, school is just a bit of a nuisance for him. He prefers being outdoors, playing barefoot and dreaming the dream. He wants to become like his idol, Zico. In 1988, Ronaldo joins his first club, Tennis Club Valqueire, where he plays “futebol de salão”. Futebol de Salão, or football indoor, is played with a size 2 ball on a pitch the size of a basketball court. The ball has very little bounce which means that the ball is always on the floor. The game is designed to encourage foot control and is credited with being one reason why Brazilian players are so skillful. Ronaldo starts his first game for Tennis Club Valqueire on the bench where they select him as cover for the goalkeeper. Eventually he plays in the forwards, he likes it. He scores. Ronaldo’s moment happens during a tournament for junior players, when he plays like a comic book hero for Valqueire against the rich Vasco de Gama team.
While Ronaldo steers his team to victory, he is seen by a member of Social Ramos, who succeeds in moving the young boy to his own team also if Sonia, his mother, try to resist because the bus trip from Bento Ribeiro to Social Ramos takes two hours each way. It’s still “futebol de salão” though, and Ronaldo, now 11 years old, feels ready for proper soccer. Problems arise when he tries to get into the Flamengo team; but they don’t want him. On the return journey home, a gang of people threaten him on the bus. They steal the watch he had bought with money he had saved from his first few jobs. A day that Ronaldo regrets. As for Flamengo, a chance they will never forget! Ronaldo perseveres. At 13, he plays “futebol de salão” with
Social Ramos and soccer with Sao Cristovao. He becomes best scorer in both tournaments and has to choose which path to follow. He decides to focus on Sao Cristovao only. He’s good and he’s getting noticed. His mother would like him to study, but he prefers playing soccer. Finally he gets his big break when he signs for a fee. Reinaldo Pitta and Alexandre Martins (who buy him for $7,500 dollars), and the coach of the Brazilian under 17 team. Ronaldo asks for the Nike shoes he’s always dreamt of, and becomes a leading player in the South American junior tournament in Colombia that year. Following that success, Reinaldo Pitta and Alexandre Martins get him a better deal, this time, $50,000 dollars and a move to Cruzeiro di Belo Horizonte, a reasonably big club in Minas Gerais, in the centre of Brazil. Far from the beaches in Rio, Ronaldo is growing into the role of being a professional footballer. He’s happy and gets along with the rest of the team. Naturally, he gets homesick and his parents, now separated, come and visit him. They follow his exceptional performances. The pace of progress for Ronaldo accelerates. The local press describe him as incredibly talented. In December 1993, just 17 years old, Ronaldo’s big dream becomes true: he’s asked to join the national team, the green and gold Selecao. He uses part of his first pay cheque to buy a Volkswagen Golf (even if he’s not old enough for a driving licence yet) and help his mum to move out of Bento Ribeiro.

Young Star :

When Ronaldo starts playing with Selecao, he’s 17 years old: more or less, the same age as when Pele started too. Another coincidence which links the two players is they both play their first game for Brazil against Argentina. During the most important match in South America, Ronaldo, the boy from Bento Ribeiro plays for the last 10 minutes, replacing Bebeto. He still has curly hair and wears dental braces; he still dreams of becoming the new Zico. They include him in the USA `94 world cup squad. When Parreira, the coach, reveals the final list of 22 players, he includes Ronaldo in the list; a selection that pleases all Brazilians who believe in his talent. Dutch football club PSV Eindhoven considers making a bid, more as an investment than a risky move. With the help of the Italian Giovanni Branchini the club arranges a deal with its Brazilian counterpart and with Cruzeiro.
One more coincidence; Ronaldo flies to Europe to the very same club in which Romario started his career. But all this is not enough to be more than a replacement in Selecao. Among the players for the ’94 World Cup, there’s the 29 year-old defender Ronaldo from Sao Paulo. To distinguish the two players with the same name, two jerseys are made: one, for the older Ronaldo, with “Ronaldao” printed on it; the other one, number 18, with “Ronaldinho” written on. The nickname was already widely used by fans and the media, but from that point it became “official”. Talking about Ronaldo’s move Arnesen, general manager of PSV, comments on how regard him as shrewd: “Congratulations for buying Ronaldinho? Thanks, but a talent like that would have been discovered by…my grandma” Ronaldo’s talent is “discovered” also by Nike, who starts sponsoring the young star and all just 12 months after he didn’t even have the money to pay for a pair of Nike boots. But Ronaldo is also paid to be just a replacement player. It happens, when you are 17 years old, and it happens during the World Cup. Even if the media want him to play, it doesn’t affect Parreira who doesn’t change his mind. His mother also fails to exert maternal influence who, during a famous television interview, asks about her son: “Why do you never let that Ronaldinho play?”. Ronaldinho thanks her and without any hint of envy, he keeps following and learning from Bebeto and Romario’s performances. He enjoys the final against Italy and the resultant victory. It’s the fourth World Cup victory in Brazilian history. With the help of a videocamera, he shoots the best moments of the day, when people celebrate and Selecao commemorates Ayrton Senna with a huge sign displayed at the end of the game. From that moment, the European adventure took off. Ronaldo leaves his Brazilian friends and flies to Europe and PSV Eindhoven, where he finds another Brazilian, Vampeta, and a friend, Cesar, who will soon become a kind of brother for him.



The Dutch language is difficult. The weather and the cooking are not pleasant either. His friendliest environment is the football pitch. His lucky star shines from day one. He plays and scores. Under the growing attention of the television audience, Ronaldo is not afraid of being compared to the big champions of soccer history, and becomes Best Scorer of the Dutch season. He’s just 18 years old. After one year with PSV Eindhoven and a World Cup seen from the bench, Ronaldo asks to play in the national team for the Copa America. But the coach, Zagalo, says no. Too young. Or perhaps too good?


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