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قوة

 

شلونكم

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انشاء الله fine

 

ما علينه

 

انسايد في المهم

 

بغيت بروجكت عن التدخين او عن مرض الايدز او السرطان

او عن امراض الجلد

 

 

وابيه قبل يوم الخميس هذي يعني الاربعاء اواليوم ادا تقدرون<<<<< طرار ويتشرط ادري بتقولونها

[nonocat76]

Tobacco smoking

 

The cigarette is the most common method of smoking tobacco.Tobacco smoking is the act of burning the dried or cured leaves of the tobacco plant and inhaling the smoke for pleasure or ritualistic purposes, for self-medication, or out of habit and to satisfy addiction. The practice was common among Native Americans throughout North and South America, and was later introduced to the rest of the world via the following trade of the following European exploration of the Americas.

 

Tobacco smoke contains nicotine, an addictive stimulant. The effect of nicotine in first time or irregular users is an increase in alertness and memory, and mild euphoria. In chronic users, nicotine simply relieves the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal: confusion, restlessness, anxiety, insomnia, and dysphoria. Withdrawal symptoms in chronic users begin to appear approximately 30 minutes after every dose. Nicotine also disturbs metabolism and suppresses appetite.

 

Medical research has determined that chronic tobacco smoking is a major contributing factor towards many health problems, particularly lung cancer, emphysema, and cardiovascular disease.Many countries regulate or restrict tobacco sales and advertising and require warnings to be placed prominently on the product packaging. Many governments now restrict or ban smoking in a variety of public venues over concerns of second-hand smoke, and ostensibly to discourage tobacco use in general.

 

Some famous artist in indonesia who was legends such as chrisye died due to the effect of smoking. some parents who come home late usually smokes of drink coffees are usually smokers. altought some casses of affairs were started due to nicotine approaching mental health.

 

Methods of smoking

 

Cigarette

A cigarette is a product manufactured from cured and cut tobacco leaves, which are rolled and/or stuffed into a paper-wrapped cylinder. The cigarette is lit, usually with a match or lighter at one end and allowed to burn for the purpose of inhalation of its smoke from the other (usually filtered) end, which is inserted in the mouth. "Roll Ups" are also very popular, particularly in European countries; these are prepared from loose tobacco, cigarette papers and filters all bought separately by the consumer. Cigarettes are smoked by some with a cigarette holder.Cigarette smoke contains 60 different carcinogens, pollutants that increase the risk of cancer. A large number of artificial additives are added to cigarettes, particularly to enhance taste .

 

 

Cigar

 

A cigar is a cylinder of tobacco rolled in tobacco leaves for smoking. They come in many shapes and sizes, the most common being the "Corona." The tobacco used is grown throughout the Caribbean in places such as the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, and Cuba. Many wrappers are from Connecticut. Cigars manufactured in Cuba have historically been considered to be without peer, though today many aficionados consider the relative quality of Cuban cigars has diminished with the Cuban government’s mismanagement of cigar production[2], as well as the increasing quality of non-Cuban cigars, such as the Punch, Bolivar and Padron labels.

 

 

Pipe

 

A pipe for smoking typically consists of a small chamber (bowl) for combustion of the substance to be smoked and a thin stem (shank) that ends in a mouthpiece (also called a bit). Pipes are made from a variety of materials (some obscure): briar, corncob, meerschaum, clay, wood, glass, gourd, bamboo, and various other materials, such as metal. Tobacco used for smoking pipes is often chemically treated and altered to change smell and taste (both functions are affected negatively in humans by smoking) not available in other tobacco products sold commercially. Many of these are mixtures using staple ingredients of variously cured Burley and Virginia tobaccos which are mixed with tobaccos from different areas, such as Oriental or Balkan locations. Latakia (a fire-cured tobacco of Cypriot or Syrian origin), Perique (only grown in St. James Parish, Louisiana) or combinations of Virginia and Burley tobaccos of African, Indian, or South American origins. Traditionally, many U.S. tobaccos are made of American Burley with artificial sweeteners and flavorings added to create an artificial "aromatic" smell, whereas "English" blends are based on natural Virginia tobaccos enhanced with Oriental and other natural tobaccos. There is a growing tendency towards "natural" tobaccos which derive their aromas from blending with spice tobaccos alone and historically-based curing processes.

 

Pipes can range from the very simple machine-made briar pipe to handmade and artful implements created by pipemakers which can be very expensive collector's items. The popularity of pipe smoking in Western countries has declined in recent years. However, it has also enjoyed a resurgence of late among younger and middle aged smokers who find its contemplative nature and age-transcendent status as "hobby not habit" to be both thoroughly enjoyable and stress-relieving. Due to the wide availability of high quality mass-produced and custom smoking pipes as well as a myriad of pipe tobaccos to suit any taste, the hobby is likely to persist for years to come despite growing anti-smoking sentiment.

 

 

Hookah

A hookah (or sheesha) is a type of traditional Middle Eastern and South Asian water pipe, a pipe which operates by water-filtration and indirect heat. Hookahs are most popular in the Middle East, and is a niche market in many other places. In Muslim countries, where cannabis products smoking occupies a social niche analogous to that of alcohol drinking in the West, hookahs are sometimes loaded with hashish or opium. In the Far East opium and cannabis are also among the traditional drugs used, and today is often a complement to tobacco.

 

Typically, tobacco is smoked from a hookah by placing exotic, richly flavored tobaccos in the smoking bowl, covering it with foil, and placing a coal on top of the foil. This keeps the tobacco from burning, and allows it to bake. The resulting vapors are further cooled by the hookah water, resulting in a moist, warm smoke and a delicious aroma even for those not enjoying direct smoke. The Al-Waha, Al Fakher, and Nakhla tobacco companies compete for market share in the Middle East by producing increasingly luxurious flavored tobaccos for use in the hookah. Currently available flavors include the traditional apple, grape, double apple, orange, strawberry, cherry, mango, vanilla, and melon flavors; as well as the modern cola, coconut, cappuccino, and banana milk flavors.

 

Popular myth suggests that hookah smoking is considered to be safer than other forms of smoking. However, water is not effective for removing all relevant toxins, e.g. the carcinogenic aromatic hydrocarbons are not water-soluble. Several serious negative health effects are linked to hookah smoking and studies indicate that it is likely to be more harmful to health than cigarettes, due in part to the volume of smoke inhaled. One study found hookah smoke to be both clastogenic and genotoxic for human beings,[3] while another study showed that the CO hazard is as high with hookah smoking as with cigarette smoking.[4] In addition to the cancer risk, there is some risk of infectious disease resulting from pipe sharing, and other risks associated to the common addition of other psychoactive drugs to the tobacco.[5]

 

Health risks of smoking

 

Because of their nicotine addiction, many smokers find it difficult to cease smoking despite their knowledge of ill health effects.The health effects of tobacco smoking are related to direct tobacco smoking, as well as passive smoking, inhalation of environmental or secondhand tobacco smoke.[18] A 50 year study of over thirty-thousand British physicians showed that nonsmokers lived about 10 years longer than smokers. For those born between 1920 and 1929 the standardized mortality rate between the ages of 35 and 69 for nonsmokers was 15% and for smokers was 45% —nearly three times as great.[19] Claims that personalities of smokers account for these differences are not convincing in light of the fact that the heavy smokers were about 25 times more likely to die of lung cancer or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease than the nonsmokers.[19] Another source claims smoking is responsible for 87% of lung cancer deaths.[18]

 

The main health risks in tobacco pertain to diseases of the cardiovascular system, in particular smoking being a major risk factor for a myocardial infarction (heart attack), diseases of the respiratory tract such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), emphysema, and cancer, particularly lung cancer and cancers of the larynx and tongue. Prior to World War I, lung cancer was considered to be a rare disease, which most physicians would never see during their career. With the postwar rise in popularity of cigarette smoking, however, came a virtual epidemic of lung cancer.

 

A person's increased risk of contracting disease is directly proportional to the length of time that a person continues to smoke as well as the amount smoked. However, if someone stops smoking, then these chances gradually decrease as the damage to their body is repaired. A year after quitting, the risk of contracting disease is half that of a smoker.[citation needed]

 

The health risks of smoking are not uniform across all smokers. Risks vary according to amount of cigarettes smoked, with those who smoke more cigarettes at greater risk. Light smoking is still a health risk. According to the Canadian Lung Association, tobacco kills between 40,000–45,000 Canadians per year, more than the total number of deaths from AIDS, traffic accidents, suicide, murder, fires and accidental poisoning.[20][21] The United States' Centers for Disease Control and Prevention describes tobacco use as "the single most important preventable risk to human health in developed countries and an important cause of premature death worldwide

 

وتقدر اتروح هل السايت وتاخذ اكثر معلومات الي تبيها

 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco_smoking

 

 

 

Cancer

 

 

Cancer is a class of diseases or disorders characterized by uncontrolled division of cells and the ability of these to spread, either by direct growth into adjacent tissue through invasion, or by implantation into distant sites by metastasis (where cancer cells are transported through the bloodstream or lymphatic system). Cancer may affect people at all ages, but risk tends to increase with age. It is one of the principal causes of death in developed countries.

 

There are many types of cancer. Severity of symptoms depends on the site and character of the malignancy and whether there is metastasis. A definitive diagnosis usually requires the histologic examination of tissue by a pathologist. This tissue is obtained by biopsy or surgery. Most cancers can be treated and some cured, depending on the specific type, location, and stage. Once diagnosed, cancer is usually treated with a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. As research develops, treatments are becoming more specific for the type of cancer pathology. Drugs that target specific cancers already exist for several types of cancer. If untreated, cancers may eventually cause illness and death, though this is not always the case.

 

The unregulated growth that characterizes cancer is caused by damage to DNA, resulting in mutations to genes that encode for proteins controlling cell division. Many mutation events may be required to transform a normal cell into a malignant cell. These mutations can be caused by radiation, chemicals or physical agents that cause cancer, which are called carcinogens, or by certain viruses that can insert their DNA into the human genome. Mutations occur spontaneously, and may be passed down from one cell generation to the next as a result of mutations within germ lines. However, some carcinogens also appear to work through non-mutagenic pathways that affect the level of transcription of certain genes without causing genetic mutation.

 

Many forms of cancer are associated with exposure to environmental factors such as tobacco smoke, radiation, alcohol, and certain viruses. Some risk factors can be avoided or reduced.

 

وهذي عن السرطان بس احسه اشوي متشعب وطبي مادري

 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer

Edited May 7, 2007 by nonocat76