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منتدى البحرين اليوم

**..جنون..**

الأعضاء
  • مشاركات

    28
  • انضم

  • آخر زيارة

عن **..جنون..**

  • عيد الميلاد 06/26/1988

Previous Fields

  • الجنس
    انثى
  • من الذي اخبرك عن منتدى البحرين اليوم
    الأعضاء الحلوين..
  • سنة الميلاد
    1988

Contact Methods

  • Website URL
    http://

Profile Information

  • البلد - المنطقة
    **..مملكة الجنون..**
  • الهواية
    **..القراءة والكمبيوتر..**

**..جنون..** الانجازات

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الشهرة

  1. اني لخصت الموضوع بس بقى علي هذا بليز اللي يعرف يساعدني
  2. وينكم ليش ما حد رد على الموضوع بليز ابي الموضوع بسرعه
  3. السلام عليكم اذا ممكن احد يلخص اللي هذي النقاط Uses of the Internet History The ff**** of the Internet يعني تتكلمون عن كل نقطه باختصار واذا تعرفون باسلوبك عادي مولازم تتختصرون اللي هذا الموضوع يعني عن كل نقطة اشياء بسيطه. ويا ريت في اسرع وقت وبكون شاكرة اليكم. Uses of the Internet Before the Internet was created, the U.S. military had developed and deployed communications networks, including a network known as ARPANET. Uses of the networks were restricted to military personnel and the researchers who developed the technology. Many people regard the ARPANET as the precursor of the Internet. From the 1970s until the late 1980s the Internet was a U.S. government-funded communication and research tool restricted almost exclusively to academic and military uses. It was administered by the National Science Foundation (NSF). At universities, only a handful of researchers working on Internet research had access. In the 1980s the NSF developed an “acceptable use policy” that relaxed restrictions and allowed faculty at universities to use the Internet for research and scholarly activities. However, the NSF policy prohibited all commercial uses of the Internet. Under this policy advertising did not appear on the Internet, and people could not charge for access to Internet content or sell products or services on the Internet. By 1995, however, the NSF ceased its administration of the Internet. The Internet was privatized, and commercial use was permitted. This move coincided with the growth in popularity of the World Wide Web (WWW), which replaced file transfer as the application used for most Internet traffic. The difference between the Internet and the Web is similar to the distinction between a highway system and a package delivery service that uses the highways to move cargo from one city to another: The Internet is the highway system over which Web traffic and traffic from other applications move. The Web consists of programs running on many computers that allow a user to find and display multimedia documents (documents that contain a combination of texts, photographs, graphics, audio, and video). Many analysts attribute the explosion in use and popularity of the Internet to the visual nature of Web documents. By the end of 2000, Web traffic dominated the Internet—more than 80 percent of all traffic on the Internet came from the Web. Companies, individuals, and institutions use the Internet in many ways. Companies use the Internet for electronic commerce, also called e-commerce, including advertising, selling, buying, distributing products, and providing customer service. In addition, companies use the Internet for business-to-business transactions, such as exchanging financial information and accessing complex databases. Businesses and institutions use the Internet for voice and video conferencing and other forms of communication that enable people to telecommute (work away from the office using a computer). The use of electronic mail (e-mail) speeds communication between companies, among coworkers, and among other individuals. Media and entertainment companies use the Internet for online news and weather services and to broadcast audio and video, including live radio and television programs. Online chat allows people to carry on discussions using written texts. Instant messaging enables people to exchange texts messages in real time. Scientists and scholars use the Internet to communicate with colleagues, perform research, distribute lecture notes and course materials to students, and publish papers and articles. Individuals use the Internet for communication, entertainment, finding information, and buying and selling goods and services. History Research on dividing information into packets and switching them from computer to computer began in the 1960s. The U.S. Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) funded a research project that created a packet switching network known as the ARPANET. ARPA also funded research projects that produced two satellite networks. In the 1970s ARPA was faced with a dilemma: Each of its networks had advantages for some situations, but each network was incompatible with the others. ARPA focused research on ways that networks could be interconnected, and the Internet was envisioned and created to be an interconnection of networks that use TCP/IP protocols. In the early 1980s a group of academic computer scientists formed the Computer Science NETwork, which used TCP/IP protocols. Other government agencies extended the role of TCP/IP by applying it to their networks: The Department of Energy’s Magnetic Fusion Energy Network (MFENet), the High Energy Physics NETwork (HEPNET), and the National Science Foundation NETwork (NSFNET). In the 1980s, as large commercial companies began to use TCP/IP to build private internets, ARPA investigated transmission of multimedia—audio, video, and graphics—across the Internet. Other groups investigated hypertext and created tools such as Gopher that allowed users to browse menus, which are lists of possible options. In 1989 many of these technologies were combined to create the World Wide Web. Initially designed to aid communication among physicists who worked in widely separated locations, the Web became immensely popular and eventually replaced other tools. Also during the late 1980s, the U.S. government began to lift restrictions on who could use the Internet, and commercialization of the Internet began. In the early 1990s, with users no longer restricted to the scientific or military communities, the Internet quickly expanded to include universities, companies of all sizes, libraries, public and private schools, local and state governments, individuals, and families. The ff**** of the Internet Several technical challenges must be overcome if the Internet is to continue growing at the current phenomenal rate. The primary challenge is to create enough capacity to accommodate increases in traffic. Internet traffic is increasing as more people become Internet users and existing users send greater amounts of data. If the volume of traffic increases faster than the capacity of the network increases, congestion will occur, similar to the congestion that occurs when too many cars attempt to use a highway. To avoid congestion, researchers have developed technologies, such as Dense Wave Division Multiplexing (DWDM), that transfer more bits per second across an optical fiber. The *****sss of routers and other packet-handling equipment must also increase to accommodate growth. In the short term, researchers are developing faster electronic processors; in the long term, new technologies will be required. Another challenge involves IP addresses. Although the original protocol design provided addresses for up to 4.29 billion individual computers, the addresses have begun to run out because they were assigned in blocks. Researchers developed technologies, such as Network Address Translation (NAT), to conserve addresses. NAT allows multiple computers at a residence to “share” a single Internet address. Engineers have also planned a next-generation of IP, called IPv6, which will handle many more addresses than the current version. Short, easy-to-remember domain names were once in short supply. Many domain names that used the simple format http://www.[word].com, where [word] is a common noun or verb, and .com referred to a for-profit business were mostly taken by 2001. Until 2001, only a few endings were allowed, such as .com, .org, and .net. By 2002, however, additional endings began to be used, such as .biz for businesses and .info for informational sites. This greatly expanded the number of possible URLs. Other important questions concerning Internet growth relate to government controls, especially taxation and censorship. Because the Internet has grown so rapidly, governments have had little time to pass laws that control its deployment and use, impose taxes on Internet commerce, or otherwise regulate content. Many Internet users in the United States view censorship laws as an infringement on their constitutional right to free speech. In 1996 the Congress of the United States passed the Communications Decency Act, which made it a crime to transmit indecent material over the Internet. The act resulted in an immediate outcry from users, industry experts, and civil liberties groups opposed to such censorship. In 1997 the Supreme Court of the United States declared the act unconstitutional because it violated First Amendment rights to free speech. The U.S. Congress responded in 1998 by passing a narrower antipornography bill, the Child Online Protection Act (COPA). COPA required commercial Web sites to ensure that children could not access material deemed harmful to minors. In 1999 a federal judge blocked COPA as well, ruling that it would dangerously restrict constitutionally protected free speech. The judge’s ruling was upheld by a federal appeals court on the grounds that the law’s use of “community standards” in deciding what was pornographic was overly broad. The issue reached the Supreme Court of the United States in 2002, and in a limited ruling the Supreme Court found that the community standard provision was not inherently unconstitutional. Supporters of the law welcomed the Court’s ruling. However, opponents noted that the Court had sent the case back to the federal appeals court for a more comprehensive review and had ruled that the law could not go into effect until that review occurred. Some analysts who studied the various opinions written by the justices concluded that a majority of the Court was likely to find the law unconstitutional. Increasing commercial use of the Internet has heightened security and privacy concerns. With a credit or debit card, an Internet user can order almost anything from an Internet site and have it delivered to their home or office. Companies doing business over the Internet need sophisticated security measures to protect credit card, bank account, and social security numbers from unauthorized access as they pass across the Internet (see Computer Security). Any organization that connects its intranet to the global Internet must carefully control the access point to ensure that outsiders cannot disrupt the organization’s internal networks or gain unauthorized access to the organization’s computer systems and data. Disruptions that could cause loss of life or that could be part of a coordinated terrorist attack have also become an increasing concern. For example, using the Internet to attack computer systems that control electric power grids, pipelines, water systems, or chemical refineries could cause the systems to fail, and the resulting failures could lead to fatalities and harm to the economy. To safeguard against such attacks, the U.S. Congress passed the Homeland Security Act in November 2002. The new law creates criminal penalties, including life imprisonment, for disruptions of computer systems and networks that cause or attempt to cause death. The law also allows ISPs to reveal subb2d***iber information to government officials without a court-approved warrant if there is a risk of death or injury. It also enables government officials to trace e-mails and other Internet traffic during an Internet disruption without obtaining court approval. Civil liberties groups objected to the lack of court supervision of many provisions in the new law.
  4. مشكووووووور بوخليل يعطيك الف الف الف عاااااااااااااافيه
  5. ووووووووينكم أخواني ليش مااحد رد على الموضوع؟؟؟؟؟؟؟
  6. ووووووووينكم أخواني ليش مااحد رد على الموضوع؟؟؟؟؟؟؟
  7. السلام عليكم ممكن احد يساعدني ويعطيني كم نقطه : عن إيجابيات الانترنيت وسلبياته بس بالانكليزي ومشكووورين تحياااتي
  8. السلام عليكم ممكن تقرير انج 104 اهم شي المصدر ومقدمه وعرض وخاتمه مو قطع رايتنق مثل اللي حاطينهم في المنتدى . sport Expedition يعني عن اي احد مشهور ممثل مغني الى اخره او اي موضوع اخر غير عن ذلين وبكون شاكرة اليكم ويا ليت بسرعه تحصلون طلبي عشان اقدر اسويه بعدين على البوربوينت ولو تحصلون الصور مع الموضوع مسامحه اذا تعبناكم
  9. السلام عليكم ممكن تقرير انج 104 اهم شي المصدر ومقدمه وعرض وخاتمه مو قطع رايتنق مثل اللي حاطينهم في المنتدى . sport Expedition يعني عن اي احد مشهور ممثل مغني الى اخره او اي موضوع اخر غير عن ذلين وبكون شاكرة اليكم
  10. كلمات في منتهى الروعة والجمال.. فمن هو علي حسين هل هو شاعرٌ أم مذيع.. أحسنت فأنت تجيد جميع المجالات.. اتحفنا بالمزيد.. دمت بود جنوون
  11. **..عاشقة البدر..** هلاا والله بالبدرة عاشقة البدر وش اخبارش وش اخبار الورود الي وياج سلمي عليهم.. مشكوورة على الترحييب.. يلاا اقلبي وجهج .. جنون
  12. **..رهف المحرق..** هلاا والله بأهل المحرق.. هلاا بالطيبين شلونج وش اخبار الاهل سلمي عليهم.. مشكوورة على الترحييب منوورة يالحلوة .. يلاا اقلبي وجهج .. جنون
  13. **..SnFo0oRa..** هلا ووالله سنفوورة منوورة.. اقوول كل النوور هي من وووين طااالع اقوول طفوو الكهرباااا .. مشكووورة يالكورة على الترحيب الحلوو.. يلاا اقلبي وجهج .. جنون
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