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شكراً على الموضوع ، لأن أنا آخذ هالمقرر

حبيت اعرف من من بنات المنتدى و ياي في المدرسة و في أي صف أنا عن نفسي سنه ثانيه توحيد و التخصص كيمياء و احياء

أنا توحيد ، سنه ثانيه ومتخصصة علمي ، اهو حلو بس واد يبيله شغل و ترى احنه التوحيد وايد مظلومين ناخذ 7 حصص يومياً و بعض المقررات اللي بو 3 ساعات ناخذهم احنه كمقرر بو ساعتين

حق الفيز حصلت بس الكيم ، أبي مواضيع مثلاً عن : نظريات الأحماض و القواعد ، الأملاح ، التحليل الكروماتوجرافي و ترى أهم شيء المصدر

أبي تقرير حق كيم 212 ، و فيز 213 فيهم لآتي : 1- مقدمة 2- عرض 3- خاتمة 4- المصدر لا يقل عن خمس أوراق

بغيت تقرير حق كيم 212 ، و فيز 213 و يكون فيه مقدمة ، عرض ، خاتمة و بعد المصدر.

لم أعلم بأنكِ رحلت عن هذه الدنيا إلا بعد فترة من وفاتك ، رحمة الله عليكِ نبأ ، فلقد حزنت لفراقكِ أشد الحزن. صديقتكِ : ف.ع

الصراحه تستحق كلمة شكراً ، و يعطيك العافية.

أبي تحليل قصيدة منظر الرياض ، عرب 202 مع المعاني و الأفكار و الصور البلاغية.

أخوي بغيت تقرير حق كيم2 21 ، بس يكون فيه مقدمة و عرض و خاتمة وبعد المصدر ومسامحة إذا ثقلت عليك ، و يعطيك العافية على الجهد المبذول

] and hunting cultures for thousands of years. Living on important ancient trade routes, the ancestors of the Saudi Arabians were touched by diverse civilizations, including those of Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, Rome, Byzantium, India, Persia, and China. The Qur'an (Koran), the holy book of Islam, was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad in the western Arabian cities of Makkah (Mecca) and Madinah (Medina) beginning about 610 A.D. The birth of the new faith of Islam was one of the most momentous events in history. Inspired by Islam, the Arabs expanded out of Arabia spreading Islam and the Arabic language. Their vast empire soon stretched from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to central Asia in the east, embracing today's southern Italy, Spain, and parts of France. The Muslim Arab civilization remained vigorous for centuries, providing stability and advancing human knowledge while Western civilization was in eclipse during the Middle Ages. The Arabs made extensive and original contributions to chemistry, physics, optics, astronomy, medicine, mathematics, literature, and philosophy. They invented algebra, whose name derives from an Arabic word. They also transmitted the number system, called Arabic numerals, to the West. In the 13th century, the Mongol invasions dealt a devastating blow to the Arabs' eastern lands, and their empire began to decline. The history of modern Saudi Arabia begins with Abdul Aziz Al-Saud, known in the West as Ibn Saud. The Al-Saud family had reigned over much of Arabia in the early 19th century. It lost part of its territory to the Turks later in the century, however, and was driven from its capital, Riyadh, by the rival House of Rashid. In 1902 Abdul Aziz recaptured the city and began to reconquer and reunify the country, which he completed some three decades later. In 1927, Abdul Aziz was officially proclaimed king, and the country was named the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1932. From the discovery of oil in commercial quantities in 1938, rapid economic development and rising prominence in world affairs have dominated the most recent chapter of Saudi Arabia's history. Geography of Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia, with an area of about 865,000 square miles, occupies the bulk of the Arabian peninsula. It is roughly one-third the size of the continental United States, and the same size as all of Western Europe. Saudi Arabia lies at the crossroads of three continents: Europe, Asia, and Africa. It extends from the Red Sea on the west to the Arabian Gulf in the east. To the north it borders on Jordan, Iraq, and Kuwait, and to the south, on Yemen and the Sultanate of Oman. To the east lie the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, and the island state of Bahrain. Saudi Arabia's terrain is varied but on the whole fairly barren and harsh, with salt flats, gravel plains, and sand dunes but few lakes or permanent streams. In the south is the Rub Al-Khali (Empty Quarter), the largest sand desert in the world. In the southwest, the mountain ranges of Asir Province rise to over 9,000 feet. Cities of Saudi Arabia Abha Largest city in Asir Province Al-Khobar Commercial center adjacent to Dhahran Buraydah Largest city in Qasim Province Dammam Port city and commercial center Dhahran Oil industry center and metropolitan area Hafr Al Batin Home of King Khalid Military City Hail Important trading center in northwest Jeddah Port city and entry point for pilgrims Jubayl New industrial city on east coast Madinah Holy city and burial place of the Prophet Muhammad Makkah Holiest city of Islam, toward which Muslims pray Riyadh Capital of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Tabuk Large city near Jordan border Taif Summer capital and mountain resort Yanbu New oil shipping terminal and industrial city Climate of Saudi Arabia From June through August, midday temperatures in the desert can soar to 50 C (122 F). Humidity in the coastal regions may approach 100 percent at times. In contrast, weather in other areas of the country may be mild throughout the year. Winter temperatures in the northern and central regions may drop to below freezing. The shamal, sand-laden winds from the northern deserts, is most frequent in early summer and can blow for days at 25-30 miles an hour. Rainfall ranges from none at all for up to 10 years in the Rub Al-Khali, to 20 inches a year in the mountains of Asir Province. Religion of Saudi Arabia Islam is one of the world's great monotheistic religions. The followers of Islam, called Muslims, believe in one God (Allah in Arabic) and that Muhammad is His Prophet. Today, the worldwide community of Muslims, which embraces the people of many races and cultures, numbers nearly one billion. There are approximately two million Muslims in the United States. Historically, Saudi Arabia has occupied a special place in the Islamic world as the very heartland of Islam. Indeed, it is toward the sacred Ka'abah in Makkah that Muslims turn devoutly in prayer five times a day. The Qur'an, the sacred scripture of Islam, was revealed and is universally recited in Arabic. A Muslim has five obligations, called the Five Pillars of Islam. First is the profession of faith: "There is no god but God; Muhammad is the messenger of God." Second is praying five times a day, facing the holy city of Makkah. Third is zakat (alms giving), which prescribes payment of fixed proportions of a Muslim's possessions for the welfare of the entire community and, in particular, for its neediest members. Fourth is fasting during Ramadan, the ninth month of the Muslim calendar, at which time Muslims abstain from food and drink from dawn to sunset. The fifth pillar is performing the hajj, or pilgrimage, to Makkah at least once in a lifetime. The hajj is a gathering of millions of Muslims from around the world. The Kingdom continues to dedicate considerable financial and human resources to enable even more pilgrims to perform the hajj in comfort and safety. To Saudi Arabia, the holy cities of Makkah, the birthplace of Islam and the Prophet Muhammad, and Madinah, the Prophet's burial place, are a sacred trust exercised on behalf of all Muslims. Recognizing the unique and historic tradition these holy sites represent, King Fahd adopted the official title of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques as an expression of his deep sense of responsibility toward Islam.[/align]

State of Qatar Introduction: Ruled by the Al Thani family since the mid-1800s, Qatar transformed itself from a poor British protectorate noted mainly for pearling into an independent state with significant oil and natural gas revenues. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Qatari economy was crippled by a continuous siphoning off of petroleum revenues by the amir who had ruled the country since 1972. He was overthrown by his son, the current Amir HAMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani, in a bloodless coup in 1995. In 2001, Qatar resolved its longstanding border disputes with both Bahrain and Saudi Arabia. Oil and natural gas revenues enable Qatar to have a per capita income not far below the leading industrial countries of Western Europe. (Source: CIA - The World Factbook) Qatar is a member state of the League of Arab States border country: Saudi Arabia Official Name: Dawlat Qatar short form: Qatar Capital City: The capital of Qatar, Doha is situated halfway down the east coast of the peninsula. It is an important cultural and commercial centre and enjoys excellent communications with the outside world through its modern seaport, airport, and telephone links. Other Cities: Palm Tree Island Situated about a 10-minute boat ride from the Corniche, Palm Tree Island has children and family amenities, restaurants and cafés, and water sports facilities along with beaches for swimming in the warm waters of the Gulf. Al Wakra Halfway between Doha and Umm Said, you will find the town of Al Wakra. Originally a tiny fishing and pearling village, it has evolved into a small town with a population of less than 30,000. The Al Wakra Museum has been established in one of the town’s old forts and displays the marine life and the natural history of the area. There are also fine examples of the art and architecture included in the exhibits. Umm Said Umm Said is the heart of Qatar’s industry. Situated 45 km south of Doha on the east coast of the peninsula, it has both a commercial port and an oil-exporting port. There are refineries in Umm Said as well as other industrial establishments producing steel, natural gas liquids, fertilizers, and petrochemicals. Umm Said also has fine beaches. Khor Al Udaid Located south of Doha, sand dunes embrace the sea and the surrounding area is covered with many sabkha deposits. Al Khor About 57km north of Doha on the east coast, Al Khor is famous for its harbour filled with small craft and fishing boats. It has excellent beaches, an historic tower, and interesting mosques. Madinat Al-Shamal A relatively new town on the northern tip of the peninsula, Madinat Al-Shamal is about 107km north of Doha. It serves as an administrative centre for a number of coastal villages. Al Ruwais Located on the northern tip of the peninsula this town is a fine example of the traditional Bedouin lifestyle as it merges with the modern world. Al Zubara Situated just 100 km north west of Doha lies the town of Al Zubara, an important archeological site famous for its old fort. This fort-turned-museum was constructed in 1938 during the reign of Sheikh Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani and was erected on the ruins of a neighbouring fort. The fort itself is square-shaped with circular towers in three of its corners and a rectangular tower in the fourth. With high, thick walls, this fort also served as a coast guard station and, until the mid-1980s, was used by the military. Dukhan Situated on the west coast of the peninsula, Dukhan is about 84km across the country from Doha. It became important when oil was discovered in the surrounding area. Like Umm Said and Al-Wakrah, the town also has fine beaches. Government: Type: Constitutional Emirate Independence: 3 September 1971 Constitution: 1970 Basic Law, revised 1972; currently under complete review . Geography: Location: Middle East, Gulf Region, peninsula bordering the Persian Gulf and Saudi Arabia Area: 11 437 sq. km. (4 427 sq. mi.) Terrain: Mostly desert, flat, barren. Climate: Hot and dry, some humidity in summer. People: Nationality: Noun and adjective--Qatari(s). Population: 769,152 (July 2001 est.) Ethnic groups: Arab 40%, Pakistani 18%, Indian 18%, Iranian 10%, other 14% Religion: Islam (state religion, claimed by virtually all of the indigenous population) Languages: Arabic (official); English (widely spoken) Literacy: 79% Natural resources: Petroleum, natural gas, fish. Agriculture products: Fruits, vegetables; poultry, dairy products, beef; fish. Industries: Crude oil production and refining, petrochemicals, fertilizers. Independence Qatar remained a British protectorate until 1971 when Britain decided to withdraw from the Arabian Gulf area. Qatar then adopted a provisional constitution declaring it an independent Arab country with an official religion of Islam, using Shari’ah as the prime source of legislation and Arabic as an official language. The Al Thani family formally became the ruling dynasty. This period witnessed the arrival of a large number of workers particularly from Arab countries. Independence Till Today Qatar became an independent country on 3 September 1971. In 1974, the Qatar General Petroleum Corporation took control of all oil operations in the country Qatar rapidly became a rich country with a modern and well-developed infrastructure. On 27 June 1995, His Highness Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani assumed power with the support of the ruling family and the Qatari people. With his accession Qatar entered a new era of modernisation and embarked on the development of a strong base for democracy.

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